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Before sugar was readily available, candy was based on honey. [10] Honey was used in Ancient China, the Middle East, Egypt, Greece and the Roman Empire to coat fruits and flowers to preserve them or to create forms of candy. [11] Candy is still served in this form today, though now it is more typically seen as a type of garnish. Kawash, Samira (2013). Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure. New York: Faber & Faber, Incorporated. p.11. ISBN 9780865477568. Candy". Online Etymological Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2022-02-22 . Retrieved 2022-02-16. Edwards, W.P. (2000). The Science of Sugar Confectionery. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. p.1. ISBN 9780854045938.
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The link between candy and caries was formally identified through the Vipeholm experiments, where intellectually disabled people were fed copious amounts of candy and were found to develop poor dental health. [38] The experiments are today considered to have violated multiple principles of medical ethics. [39] Glycemic index Kawash, Samira (2013). Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure. New York: Faber & Faber, Incorporated. pp.271–276. ISBN 9780865477568. The candy business underwent a drastic change in the 1830s when technological advances and the availability of sugar opened up the market. The new market was not only for the enjoyment of the rich but also for the pleasure of the working class. There was also an increasing market for children. While some fine confectioners remained, the candy store became a favorite of the child of the American working class. Penny candies epitomized this transformation of candy. Penny candy became the first material good that children spent their own money on. For this reason, candy store-owners relied almost entirely on the business of children to keep them running. Even penny candies were directly descended from medicated lozenges that held bitter medicine in a hard sugar coating. [15] a b Woloson, Wendy. "The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America". Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014 . Retrieved 18 March 2012. Balkau; etal. (Mar 1998). "High blood glucose concentration is a risk factor for mortality in middle-aged nondiabetic men. 20-year follow-up in the Whitehall Study, the Paris Prospective Study, and the Helsinki Policemen Study". Diabetes Care. 21 (3): 360–7. doi: 10.2337/diacare.21.3.360. PMID 9540016. S2CID 37025679.Most candy, particularly low-fat and fat-free candy, has a high glycemic index (GI), which means that it causes a rapid rise in blood sugar levels after ingestion. This is chiefly a concern for people with diabetes, but could also be dangerous to the health of non-diabetics. [40] Contamination Sugarcane: Saccharum Officinarum" (PDF). USAID, Govt of United States. 2006. p.1 (Chapter 7). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 6, 2013. Ward, Artemas (1923). The Encyclopedia of food. P. Smith. p.64. ISBN 9780844614649. Archived from the original on 2023-03-08 . Retrieved 2020-08-03. a b Hansen, Bert (2017). "Our Mutual Friend". Distillations. 3 (2): 10–11. Archived from the original on June 2, 2019 . Retrieved April 17, 2018. Candy, also called sweets ( BrE) or lollies ( AuE, NZE), [a] is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient. The category, called sugar confectionery, encompasses any sweet confection, including chocolate, chewing gum, and sugar candy. Vegetables, fruit, or nuts which have been glazed and coated with sugar are said to be candied.
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a b c Kawash, Samira (2013). Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure. New York: Faber & Faber, Incorporated. pp.8–25. ISBN 9780865477568. Because each culture varies in how it treats some foods, a food may be considered a candy in one place and a dessert in another. For example, in Western countries, baklava is served on a plate and eaten with a fork as a dessert, but in the Middle East, Northern Africa, and Eastern Europe, it is treated as a candy. [2] Cultural significance Before the Industrial Revolution, candy was often considered a form of medicine, either used to calm the digestive system or cool a sore throat. In the Middle Ages candy appeared on the tables of only the most wealthy at first. At that time, it began as a combination of spices and sugar used as an aid to digestion. Banquet hosts typically served these types of 'candies' at banquets for their guests. One of these candies, sometimes called chamber spice, was made with cloves, ginger, aniseed, juniper berries, almonds and pine kernels dipped in melted sugar. [11] Candy generally contains sugar, which is a key environmental factor in the formation of dental caries (cavities). [36] Several types of bacteria commonly found in the mouth consume sugar, particularly Streptococcus mutans. When these bacteria metabolize the sugar found in most candies, juice, or other sugary foods, they produce acids in the mouth that demineralize the tooth enamel and can lead to dental caries. Heavy or frequent consumption of high-sugar foods, especially lollipops, sugary cough drops, and other sugar-based candies that stay in the mouth for a long time, increases the risk of tooth decay. [36] [37] Candies that also contain enamel-dissolving acids, such as acid drops, increase the risk. [37] Cleaning the teeth and mouth shortly after eating any type of sugary food, and allowing several hours to pass between eating such foods, reduces the risk and improves oral health. [36] [37] Take the gum out of your mouth (yes, really) and compare how it looks now compared to how it looked before you chewed it.a b c Segura, Adriana; Boulter, Suzanne; Clark, Melinda; Gereige, Rani; Krol, David M.; Mouradian, Wendy; Quinonez, Rocio; Ramos-Gomez, Francisco; Slayton, Rebecca; Keels, Martha Ann (December 2014). "Maintaining and improving the oral health of young children". Pediatrics. 134 (6): 1224–1229. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-2984. ISSN 1098-4275. PMID 25422016.
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Kawash, Samira (2013-10-15). Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure. Macmillan. pp.287–289 and color plate #15. ISBN 9780865477568. The phrase like taking candy from a baby is a common simile, and means that something is very easy to do. [42] Richardson, Tim H. (2002). Sweets: A History of Candy. Bloomsbury USA. pp. 335–336. ISBN 1-58234-229-6. Company, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing. "The American Heritage Dictionary entry: candy". ahdictionary.com. Archived from the original on 2018-09-20 . Retrieved 2017-09-18.Some kinds of candy have been contaminated with an excessive amount of lead in it. [41] Claims of contamination have been made since shortly after industrial-scale candy factories began producing candy in the mid-19th century, although these early claims were rarely true. [42] Kawash, Samira (2013). Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure. New York: Faber & Faber, Incorporated. p.6. ISBN 9780865477568. a b Richardson, Tim H. (2002). Sweets: A History of Candy. Bloomsbury USA. pp. 53–54. ISBN 1-58234-229-6.
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a b Roach, Mary (26 March 2013). "The Marvels in Your Mouth". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 July 2021 . Retrieved 28 March 2013.Richardson, Tim H. (2002). Sweets: A History of Candy. Bloomsbury USA. pp. 12–13. ISBN 1-58234-229-6. Among the Bengali people, candy may be eaten for an entire meal, especially during festivals. Candy may also be offered to vegetarian guests in lieu of fish or meat dishes in India. [34] Vegetarianism The word candy entered the English language from the Old French çucre candi ("sugar candy"). The French term probably has earlier roots in the Arabic qandi, Persian qand and Sanskrit khanda, all words for sugar. [3] Candy is considered a source of empty calories, because it provides little or no nutritional value beyond food energy. At the start of the 20th century, when undernutrition was a serious problem, especially among poor and working-class people, and when nutrition science was a new field, the high calorie content was promoted as a virtue. Researchers suggested that candy, especially candy made with milk and nuts, was a low-cost alternative to normal meals. To get the food energy necessary for a day of labor, candy might cost half as much as eggs. [31] During the 1920s and 1930s, candy bars selling for five cents were often marketed as replacements for lunch. [32] Kawash, Samira (2013). Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure. New York: Faber & Faber, Incorporated. p.98. ISBN 9780865477568.
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